Total Losses in Power Distribution and Transmission Lines-(Part 2)

TOTAL LOSSES IN POWER DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION LINES-PART 2

 (2) NON-TECHNICAL (COMMERCIAL LOSSES):

• Non-technical losses are at 16.6%, and related to meter reading, defective meter and error in meter reading, billing of customer energy consumption, lack of administration, financial constraints, and estimating unmetered supply of energy as well as energy thefts.

 MAIN REASONS FOR NON-TECHNICAL LOSSES:

(1) POWER THEFT :

• Theft of power is energy delivered to customers that is not measured by the energy meter for the customer. Customer tempers the meter by mechanical jerks, placement of powerful magnets or disturbing the disc rotation with foreign matters, stopping the meters by remote control.

(2) METERING INACCURACIES:

• Losses due to metering inaccuracies are defined as the difference between the amount of energy actually delivered through the meters and the amount registered by the meters. * All energy meters have some level of error which requires that standards be established. Measurement Canada, formerly Industry Canada, is responsible for regulating energy meter accuracy. * Statutory requirements5 are for meters to be within an accuracy range of +2.5% and – 3.5%. Old technology meters normally started life with negligible errors, but as their mechanisms aged they slowed down resulting * in under-recording. Modern electronic meters do not under-record with age in this way. * Consequently, with the introduction of electronic meters, there should have been a progressive reduction in meter errors. Increasing the rate of replacement of mechanical meters should accele